POST-test

TBF 3033 Animal Physiology

Matric Num:

Section A

1. Name three processes undergoing the nervous system work,

A._________________
B._________________
C. _________________

2. Electrical synapses send signals ……………………………………...

A) using neurotransmitters
B) through synaptic clefts
C) through gap junctions
D) using dopamine

3. The neuron functions are…………………………………………………

i. Signal reception
ii. Signal integration
iii. Signal conduction
iv. Signal transmission

A. i and ii
B. i and iv
C. i, iii and iv
D. i, ii, iii and iv

4. Write the membrane potential charge at normal resting potential in an animal.
___________________

5. During the resting state of mammalian axonplasm, the concentration of sodium ion is ___A___ and concentration of potassium ion is ___B____ because voltage-gated of sodium channels is ____C_____ and the sodium-potassium ion is ____D_____.

6. Arrange the role of voltage-gated channels in the action potential

i. Na+ channel closed but K+ channel remain open because of their slow moving gate. K+ keep flowing out of the cell

ii. Na+ channel closed, K+ channel open. K+ leaves the cell. The inside of the cell become more negative

iii. Na+ channel open, Na+ rush into the cell. Interior of the cell become more positive. An action potential is generated.

iv. Both K+ and Na+ channel closed.


A. iv, ii,i,iii
B. i, ii,iii,iv
C. iv, iii,ii,i
D. iii,iv, ii,i

7. The diagram 1 shows the permeability of an axon to Na+ and K+ ions during an action potential. Which of the following shows the correct movement of these ions in the axon?

Diagram 1: Permeability of axon membrane to K+ and Na+

A. Na+ ions enter the axon; K+ ions leave the axon.
B. Na+ ions leave the axon; K+ ions enter the axon.
C. Both Na+ and K+ ions enter the axon
D. Both Na+ and K+ ions leave the axon.

8. The process of transmission across a synapse is carried out by neurotransmitters. Arrange the process below:

i. Stimulates synaptic vesicles into merge with the presynaptic membrane

ii. Neurotransmitter molecules are release into synaptic cleft

iii. Sudden rise in calcium at the of one neuron

A. i,ii,iii
B. iii,i,ii
C. ii,iii,i
D. i,iii,ii

9. The functions of cerebrum is / are

i. Coordinates body movements

ii. Integrate motor command.

iii. Aids in learning motor skills

iv. Ensure proper muscle groups are either activated or inhibited.

A. iv
B. ii and iii
C. ii and iv
D. i and iv

10. Given are the components involved in transmitting an action potential to nerve cells:

i. Afferent neuron

ii. Intergrating center

iii. Affector cell

iv. Efferent neuronv. Sensory receptor

Choose the correct order an action potential travels through them from a stimulus to the resulting action

A. i,ii,iii,iv,v
B. v, i, ii,iv iii
C. iii,iv,ii,i,v
D. v, iv,ii, i, iii

Section B

1. Label A, B, C, D in Diagram 2 showing changes in a nerve cell potential below:

Diagram 2:Voltage-gated channel ion

A-___________
B-___________
C-___________
D-___________

2. The diagram 3 shows the structure of a nerve synapse.

Diagram 3: A synapse

a) Label structures A to F

b) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of a nerve impulse (an action potential) in the presynaptic neurone.

c) Name a common neurotransmitter present in the synaptic vesicle.

d) Name an ion that move into the postsynaptic neuron in an excitatory synapse.

e) Suggest one reason why structure C contain large number of organelle D.

f) State the functions of structure A and structure B.

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PBL SCENARIO

Task 1

ScienceDaily (Mar. 16, 2006) — Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered the mechanism that facilitates how two ion channels collaborate in the control of electrical signals in the brain. The investigators showed that the channels were anchored by a third protein at key locations on the nerve cell surface, allowing them to work together to set the timing and pattern of nerve impulses. They also found that this channel partnership mechanism is present in all vertebrates, but is lacking in invertebrates, suggesting that the coupling of these channels may be essential for the higher abilities of vertebrate brains. The elucidation of this novel interaction should aid efforts to develop new treatments for epileptic seizures, pain, and abnormal muscle movements. Electrical impulses in neurons are created when these ions are allowed to return to their original locations by passing rapidly through channels in nerve cells' outer membranes.

As a neurologist, how would you explain two ion channels collaborate in the control of electrical signals in the brain?

Task 2

Table 1 show the duration of different type of medicine to recover certain illness at Tanjong Malim pharmacy. As a pharmacist, how would you choose a better medicine to cure the illness.

Illness - Types of medicine - Duration recover

Headache - Panadol activefast - 30 minutes
Headache - Ponstan (200 mg) - 15 minutes
Sedative - Diazepam (1 mg) - 2 minute
Sedative - Propofol - 5 minute
Back pain - Voltaren SR 100 - 15 minutes
Back pain - Ponstan (200 mg) - 15 minutes

Brainstorm question

1) Why does sedative types of medicine have shorter duration compared to others type of medicine?
2) How would medicine affect the function of neurotransmitter?

Task 3

Ravi is good in academic and co-curriculum. He is a very talkative person, and always been chosen in school debate and forum. In addition, he is the best student in his batch and at the same time, he is also a leader for his school football team. Last week, when he was back from football practice, he involved in a road accident with a severe head injured. He was coma in hospital for one week. His mother worries whether the accident will affect his ability to speak and hear. On the other hand, his football coach and teammates worried about his performance in the coming football match. His teacher concerned about his performance in academic.

As an Animal Physiology undergraduate student, what your justification about his condition that occur in his central nervous system.

Pre-TEST

Name:

Matric Num. :

TBF 3033 Animal Physiology


Section A

1. The nervous system performs 3 overlapping functions, except
A. sensory input C. integration
B. differentiation D. motor output

2. Electrical synapses send signals ……………………………………...
A. through synaptic clefts C. through gap junctions
B. using neurotransmitters D. using dopamine

3. The neuron functions are below
i. signal reception ii. signal integration

iii. signal conduction iv. signal transmission
A. i and ii B. i and iv C. i, iii and iv D. i, ii, iii and iv

4. For neuron in its resting state, its membrane potential measure is
A. 70mV B.-70mV C.85mV D.-85mv

5. Opening only sodium ion channels in a neuron at rest would normally cause
A. hyerpolarization C. repolarization
B. depolarization D. no change in membrane potential.

6. Arrange the role of voltage-gated in channels in the action potential
i. Na+ channel closed but K+ channel remain open because of their slow moving gate. K+ keep flowing out of the cell
ii. Na+ channel closed, K+ channel open. K+ leave the cell. The inside of the cell become more negative
iii. Na+ channel open, Na+ rush into the cell. Interior of the cell become more positive. An action potential is generated.
iv.Both K+ and Na+ channel closed.
A. i, ii,iii,iv B. iv, ii,i,iii C. iii,iv, ii,i D. iv, iii,ii,i

7. The process transmission across a synapse is carried out by neurotransmitters. Arrange the process
i. stimulates synaptic vesicles into merge with the presynaptic membrane
ii. neurotransmitter molecules are release into synaptic cleft
iii. sudden rise in calcium at the of one neuron
A. i,ii,iii B. ii,iii,i C. iii,i,ii D. i,iii,ii

8. At chemical synapse
A. acetylcholine is always an excitatory neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system.
B. phosphorylation of synapsins stimulates neutransmitter release.
C. repolarization of the axon terminal allows Ca2+ to flow into the axon terminal.
D. neurotransmitters are transported across the synapse by receptor protein.

9. The ________ coordinates body movements and aids in learning motor skills
A. cerebrum B. cerebral cortex C. cerebellum D. midbrain

10. Given these parts of an automatic reflex :
i. afferent neuron iii. affector cell v. sensory receptor
ii. intergrating center iv. efferent neuron
Choose the correct order an action potential travels trough them from a stimulus to the resulting action
A. i,ii,iii,iv,v B. v, i, ii,iv iii C. iii,iv,ii,i,v D. v, iv,ii, i, iii

Section B

Question 1:

a. Name TWO transports involve in a nerve cell to maintain the resting potential. (2m)

b. Name the ions transported as mentioned in 1.a. (2m)

c. Differentiate between temporal and spatial summation. (2m)

d. Label number 2, 4 and 5 showing changes in a nerve cell potential below : (3m)

2)

4)

5)

Question 2:

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter which is produced by certain neurones in the brain. One of its effects is to increase the activity of sensory neurones in the brain. It also usually improves a person’s mood and keeps them awake. The Figure 1 shows a synapse at which serotonin is the neurotransmitter. Label number 1, 2, 3, 4 and 10 in the diagram below:

FIGURE 1

1)

2)

3)

4)

10)

~Good Luck~

How do nervous system regulates in our body?